Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

ABSTRACT Azadirachta indica A.Juss., has a long history of medicinal usage in the treatment of various chronic diseases.The present study was undertaken to explore the potential bioactive components present in the A. indica which have been evaluated using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis. The analysis of A.indica leaves revealed the existence of 1,2-Ethanediol, monoacetate (2.79%), 1-Tetradecanol (0.09%), Elema-1,3,11(13)-trine-12-ol (0.31%), beta-costol (0.33%), 4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexacnoic acid (0.57%), methyl ester (5.15%), Naphtho[1,2-6]furan-3-one (1.27%), 2,3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,9a,9b- decahydro-3,5a-9-trimethyl-7,9a-peroxy (0.39%), Eremanthin (93.44%), 5-(ethynyl) nona-1,8-dien-5-ol (0.19%), Benzeneacetic acid (0.10%), Alpha-bergamotene (0.38%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (2.55%), Isolongifolene, 4,5-dehydro- (3.68%).The results of this study offer a platform of using A.indica leaves as herbal alternative for various diseases. Key words: Medicinal plant, GC-MS, Azadirachta indica, Bioactive components.

ABSTRACT A new simple and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and subsequently validated for the estimation of Telbuvidine in bulk form. The chromatographic separation was performed by using mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and buffer in the ratio of 70:30 % v/v. The column used was ODS-HG-5 (150×4.6 mm, 5μ) with flow rate of 0.8 ml/min using PDA detection at274nm. The described method was found to be linear over the range of 70-120μg/ml and correlation coefficient was found to be 0.993. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise, reliable, accurate and economical which is useful for the routine determination of Telbuvidine (API) in bulk dosage form. Key words: Telbuvidine, Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography.

ABSTRACT An experiment was carried out at the Eastern University, Sri Lanka to study the effects of foliar application of boron, zinc and their combinations on growth and yield of tomato cv. Thilina. This experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight replicates with following treatments; T1-B (150 ppm), T2-B (250 ppm), T3-B (350 ppm), T4-Zn (150 ppm), T5-Zn (250 ppm), T6-Zn (350 ppm), T7-B (150 ppm)+Zn (150 ppm), T8-B (250 ppm)+Zn (250 ppm), T9-B (350 ppm)+Zn (350 ppm) and T10- Control. The results revealed that foliar application of Zn alone at 250 ppm resulted in the maximum plant height, total dry weight, number and fresh weight of fruits/ plant. Foliar application of B at 250 ppm increased dry weight of leaves/ plant and dry weight of stem/ plant, and dry weight of roots/plant were high in both B at 250 ppm and Zn at 150 ppm. In all parameters, the lowest performance was recorded in the control treatment. The results also revealed that under the conditions in the experiment, yield could be increased by the application of Zn at the rate of 250 ppm at flowering stage. Key words: Foliar application, Boron, Zinc.

ABSTRACT Eupatorium (Chromolaena odorata L.) an obnoxious introduced weed which has been spread extensively in hill region of Karnataka is known to have antifungal activity. The antifungal activity of this eupatorium plant extract exactacted with different solvents was evaluated for control of blast disease in rice. The results of in vitro evaluation of solvent extracts of eupatorium revealed that growth of Pyricularia oryzae was inhibited to the maximum extent by eupatorium extract extracted with acetone (91.3%) followed by methanol (85.6%), distilled water (74.5%) and petroleum ether (53.9%). The extent of inhibition of fungus was more with higher concentrations of extracts. The results of field trail also indicated that among different extracts, the PDI of leaf blast was lowest in 15% acetone extract (23.8) and the distilled water extract (5 to 15%) indicating its effectiveness in controlling blast disease. The incidence of neck blast was also less in eupatorium extract sprayed treatments. Key words: Eupatorium, plant extract, solvents, Blast disease, in-vitro, field study, rice.

ABSTRACT The leaf extract of Acalypha ornata with different solvents viz., acetone, chloroform, hexane, petroleum ether and ethanol were tested for larvicidal, oviposition deterrent and repellent activities against the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Larval mortality was observed and recorded after 24 h exposure period. In the present study, bioassay-guided fraction of A. ornata led to the separation and identification of a saponin as a potential mosquito larvicidal compound, with LC50 and LC90 value of 128.24, 230.40 ppm against Aedes aegypti, and 248.44, 447.19 ppm against An. stephensi and 228.6, 411.48 ppm against Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. In oviposition deterrent activity,the highest concentration of (0.1%) A. ornata produce (99.4%) against Aedes aegypti, 98.0% against Aedes aegypti and 97.5 % against Culex quinquefasciatus respectively. Skin repellent test at 0.02 ppm concentration of Acalypha ornatagives the complete protection time ranges from 68.4 to 122 minutes. The plant exerted the highest protection time of 126.2 minutes. GC-MS analysis data confirmed the identification of the active compound. This study investigates the potential of crude extracts from commonly used medical herbs in India as an environmentally safe measure to control the vector of dengue, malaria, and lymphatic filariasis.

Key words: Acalypha ornata, Larvicide, Repellent, Filariasis, Malaria.

ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken due to the popular belief in most of the Asian countries that the unripe fruit eaten during early months of pregnancy can lead to miscarriage. The aim of the present study was to screen the effect of administration of various extracts of unripe fruit of Carica papaya L. The observations from the present study suggested that the hormonal stability had been altered which had in turn led to the termination of pregnancy.

Key words: Carica papaya L., Abortifacient, Estradiol.

ABSTRACT The complexes of ZnII, CdII and HgII with N-[(Diphenylamino)methyl]acetamide (DPAMAce) have been synthesized and characterized. The resulting complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, IR and 1H NMR spectral studies. The Mannich base ligand acts as a neutral bidentate, coordinating through the carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen atoms. The complexes are non-electrolytic in DMSO. The presence of the coordinated water molecules in all the complexes was indicated by IR spectra of the complexes. From the analytical and spectral data, all the four complexes exhibit octahedral geometry. The antimicrobial activities of ligand and their complexes were screened by disc diffusion method. It is found that the metal complexes have higher antimicrobial activity than the free ligand. Key words: Mannich base, Condensation, Metal complexes, Physicochemical techniques.

ABSTRACT Marine organisms are rich sources of new, biologically active compounds. Phytoplanktons have traditionally been used as foods. Recently, much attention has been paid to the anticancer activity of Phytoplankton. Thus, we have screened organic extracts of Phytoplankton for their anticancer activity against human cancer cell line, and selected S. costatum as a candidate for use in treatment. The ethanolic extracts of S. costatum showed cytotoxic activity against human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line, (HeLa). Treatment of HeLa cells with various concentrations of S. costatum resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. These results strongly suggest that S. costatum could be a potential candidate in the field of anticancer drug discovery. Key words: Skeletonema costatum , Apoptosis, Phytoplankton, HeLa cell line, Cytotoxicity.

ABSTRACT Antibacterial activity of two different mangrove plant parts such as bark and leaf of Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina was assessed against Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) causing bacterial pathogens. The test pathogens were isolated from patients with signs of UTI and were identified up to species level by studying their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. For the study, disc diffusion method was followed using methanol and ethanol extracts. Among the two extracts used, methanolic extract indicated pronounced antibacterial activity than ethanol extract. Likewise, the bark extract recorded the highest antibacterial activity than leaf extract from both R. mucronata and A. marina. Interestingly, among the four isolates obtained from UTI cases, Staphylococcus aureus found to be more sensitive for the extracts of mangrove plants. Key words: Antibacterial activity; Avicennia marina; Halophytes; Mangrove; Rhizophora mucronata; UTI infections.

ABSTRACT The previous studies showed that Adiantum capillus- veneris contained many secondary metabolites and exerted antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antilithiasic, antiproliferative, antidermatitis, neuroprotective, anticholesterolemic and many other effects. The present review will highlight the chemical constituents and the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Adiantum capillus-veneris. Key words: Adiantum capillus-veneris, pharmacology, chemical constituents.

ABSTRACT The phytochemical analysis of Agrimonia eupatoria revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, phenolic compounds (flavonoids), agrimony, agrimony lactone, oils and many other bioactive chemical groups. It exerted antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, analgesic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, gastrointestinal, hepatoprotective, wound healing and many other pharmacological effects. This paper will highlight the chemichal constituents and the therapeutic potential of Agrimonia eupatoria. Key words: Agrimonia eupatoria, Constituents, Pharmacology.